What to look for when buying a used car

What to check when buying a used car

Vehicle history

One way to check out a used car before buying is to run its vehicle identification number (VIN) through a service like CARFAX or Kelley Blue Book. The VIN unlocks a vehicle history report that tells you the car's ownership history, including past damage or if it's been auctioned or stolen. Cars with multiple accidents or other damage on their report might have ongoing problems despite having been repaired.

Checking the VIN with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration will tell you whether the car has had a safety recall by the manufacturer. If a recall pops up, you'll want to ensure the issue has been taken care of before you purchase the car.

The VIN can also confirm other valuable details like the country of manufacture, engine size, body style, and model series.

Mileage

Consider the miles on the vehicle relative to its age. The average car is driven nearly 15,000 miles per year. If the one you're looking at has a lower average annual mileage than that, it could be considered to have good mileage. Learn more about what's considered good mileage for a used car.

Ratings and rankings

Sites like Consumer Reports and US News and World Report have extensive rankings and reviews that give you an accurate picture of strengths and potential issues associated with specific makes and models. Does a specific model hold its value over time? Has the year, make, and model of the car you're considering had specific issues that have consistently cropped up? This information can let you know what to look out for when examining and test driving a specific car.

Features

Determine which car features are most important to you. If you need room for kids or cargo, you may narrow your list to SUVs or other spacious vehicles. If fuel efficiency is at the top of your list, look to hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, or mid-size cars. If safety is a priority, check sites like Consumer Reports or IIHS-HLDI for safety ratings.

After your research, if you prefer a specific make and model, check your local dealerships for certified used cars, which are typically inspected and come with warranties. You could also check online car-buying services that offer buyers a wider selection.

Mechanical and cosmetic issues

Before buying a used car, give it a quick hands-on inspection. Here's how to check out a used car:

• Check the body for imperfections like gaps, dents, or discolored paint. These could be signs of reconstruction after an accident.
• Inspect the windows for chips and cracks, the tires for uneven wear, and the tailpipe for black grease.
• Get under the vehicle and check the wheel wells and underbody for rust, which could lead to future problems.
• Make sure the doors are working well and don't show signs of heavy use.
• Look under the hood for obvious signs of wear. First, make sure the engine doesn't appear to have fluid leaks dirtying the block. Do a quick oil check to see that it isn't murky and inspect transmission fluid levels. Feel any rubber hoses and belts to make sure they aren't cracking or super stiff.

Also consider having a trusted mechanic perform a car inspection. The cost of a pre-purchase car inspection can vary, but it can be well worth the expense. A mechanic can give a more detailed and informed assessment of the vehicle's quality and condition, covering everything from brake pad wear to trouble codes, spark plug deterioration, and any number of issues you can't see from an on-the-lot inspection.

Driving experience

It's important to take a used car on a test drive. Here are a few things to consider during your test drive:

• Listen for odd sounds: Any unusual noises coming from the engine, brakes, or transmission should be checked out by a mechanic. Rough transmission shifts are also a red flag.
• Check for water damage: If the interior has a musty smell, it could be a sign the car has flood damage or leaky windows.
• Test the A/C: Ensure the air conditioning cools quickly and the heat is functioning as expected.
• Test other electronics: The windows should go all the way up and down with no gaps. The headlights and brake lights should all work properly. Ensure the dashboard instruments light up when you start the car as well.

Market trends

A "hot" used car market is one where the demand for used cars is high, driving prices up. Demand for used cars can increase due to factors like an increase in buyers, a shortage of vehicles in general, price increases for new cars, and more.

Pay attention to used car price trends on sites such as CarGurus to help you decide when to buy (and the best time to sell your car). It's better to go in with a plan for your purchase.

How long does it take to buy a used car?

The amount of time it takes to buy a used car varies depending on how much you know about cars and the car you want. If you've prepared before you start shopping, the process will likely go quicker. Buying a used car typically takes longer than shopping for a brand-new car. It may take more time and effort to find the exact car make and model you want and ensure it's in great working order. Also, be mindful that negotiating the purchase of a used car can be more time-consuming and trickier than buying a brand new vehicle.

What to do after buying a used car

You must register the car at your local Department of Motor Vehicles. Update your auto insurance, either purchasing a new policy or adding the car to an existing policy within a few days. Your insurer typically needs your VIN, license plate number, and make and model of the vehicle.

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